Hebrews 9:23- 10:18 - Outline of Hebrews (Book Notes menu page)
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9:23 [It was] therefore necessary
that the patterns {8:4-6} of things in the heavens should be purified with these {9:19};
but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these.
Blood sacrifice in the OT (animal sacrifices)...
  • provided "atonement" (ie., a temporary covering for sin), Lev 17:11
    The OT word for atonement {HB= kaphar} means 'to cover over.'
  • required continual repetition.
    (In v.23b, the GK tense of "should be purified" implies ongoing or continuing action.)
  • were a token of the real, final and complete cleansing, yet to come.
Blood sacrifice in the NT (Christ died for our sins) -
Christ took upon Himself: our flesh, our sin, our death. cp. Joh 1:14,29; 1Pet 3:18
His one "better sacrifice" is in 'the plural of majesty' ('sacrifices' in v.23c), because the innumerable sacrifices of the OT cannot begin to equal the value of His one sacrifice.
it was necessary...- Was Christ's sacrifice really necessary?
It was the One, whom the Father always hears (Joh 11:41,42), who prayed in agony:
"O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me..." (Mat 26:39).
If it had been possible, the Father would have spared His beloved Son.
There was no other way.
heavenly things - Why should heavenly things need cleansing?
Some suggest that Heaven was somehow tainted by Satan's fall.
But where the Holy God dwells, there can be no trace of impurity (eg., Isa 6:1-4; Mat 6:10; 1Joh 1:5).
     Earthly believers, having been purified by the blood of Christ, become "heavenly things." Though they live 'in' the world, they are no longer 'of' the world, for they have been made saints, fit for the holy Father's House (eg., Joh 14:2,3; 17:14-17). The GK word for 'heavenly things' is used of the realm pertaining to Christ and His saints, in numerous passages. (see 'heavenly' in: 1Cor 15:48,49; Eph 1:3,20; 2:6; Heb 3:1; 12:22-24)
Was His sacrifice effective to purify us and suit us for the Presence of God in Heaven?
"The Three Appearings of Christ" (in v.24-28) say: "Yes! Yes! Yes!"
9:24 For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands,
[which are] the figures of the true;
but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us:
(1) Christ appears - (present tense) -
  • now...- Christ is presently in the presence of God.
    We need not wonder if He will someday win our redemption and access before God.
  • in the presence of God (lit., before the face of God)...
  • for us (in our behalf). Christ is our...
    • Representative - As the OT High Priest bore the names of Israel's tribes
      upon his shoulders into the Most Holy Place, so Christ is identified with His own. As He is accepted, so we are accepted. As He is Holy, so we are Holy and without blame, in Christ... Eph 1:4,6
    • Intercessor - As the OT High Priest carried the censer of incense
      into the Most Holy Place, Christ brings our prayers before the very throne of God (Heb 10:19-22). He Himself pleads our case before the Father (Rom 8:34).
    • Advocate - He knows our need. He responds to our heart cry. Heb 4:14-16; 1Joh 2:1
9:25 Nor yet that he should offer himself often,
as the high priest entereth into the holy place every year with blood of others;
9:26 For then must he often have suffered since the foundation of the world:
but now once in the end of the world {ie., the ages}
hath he appeared {lit., he hath been manifested}
to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself.
(2) Christ appeared - (past tense; at a specific point in history) --
  • once (an event that will never be repeated or duplicated)...
  • in the end {GK=sunteleia, completion} of the ages... (cp. Gal 4:4)
  • ...to put away sin {lit., for the annulling of sin}...
    Christ's one "sacrifice of Himself" accomplished what was foreshadowed on the annual Day of Atonement (v.25). On that day, the OT high priest offered a sin offering for himself (which does not apply to Christ, Heb 7:26-28) and also two goats for the sins of the people:
    1. one goat was slain and presented as a sin offering upon the altar,
      to make an atonement with its blood at the Mercy Seat (Lev 16:5,7-9,15-17). By the blood of this goat, the guilt and penalty for sin were acknowledged and covered, pending the final resolution, by the blood of Christ (v.12).
    2. the other goat (the scapegoat) was sent alive into "a land not inhabited,"
      to symbolically carry sin away from God's people (Lev 16:21,22). Christ not only bore the guilt and punishment for our sins, but also, He was actually "made sin" in order to eradicate, by His death, all that is contrary to the righteousness of God (2Cor 5:21). (This aspect of His sacrifice is specifically cited in v.26.)
         "So completely does His sacrifice blot sin out of the heavens and the earth, that it will be as if sin never had existed." [GWms] Psa 103:12; Heb 8:12
9:27 And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment:
  • once...
  • ...to die - Christ identified with man and bore man's penalty and judgment for sin.
    As the penalty is not 'suffering,' but 'death' (Rom 6:23), so, justification is not by Christ's suffering, but by His death (Rom 3:23-26).
       However, all who refuse His provision of salvation, must keep the appointment with judgment (Rev 20:12-15).
9:28 So Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many;
and unto them that look for him shall he appear the second time
without sin unto salvation.
  • once...
    Note the emphatic use of this word "once" (v.12,26,27,28; Heb 10:10,12,14,18).
    Christ's one sacrifice stands in contrast to the continual sacrifices of the OT (10:1-4) and also those of the Roman Catholic Church, which regards its mass as a continual sacrifice of Christ, the perpetual victim.
  • was once offered... (ie., at a specific time, as a unique sacrifice). 1Pet 2:24
  • ...to bear the sins of many - ie., not of all men, but of all those who qualify (Isa 53:11,12):
    -- those who are called, Joh 6:37-39,44; Heb 9:15
    -- as many as received Him, Joh 1:11-13; Rom 10:9-11
    (Yet, if they would receive Him, His sacrifice would be sufficient for everyone. 1Joh 2:2).
(3) Christ shall appear - (future tense, cp. Acts 1:10,11) -
  • the second time (ie., He will be manifested the second time)...
  • ...to them that look for Him:
    1. church age believers of every race,
      Titus 2:11-14 (which mentions two of 'Christ's Appearings'); 1Joh 3:2
         Our High Priest is presently interceding for us in the Presence of God (v.24; Heb 6:19,20). We watch expectantly for Him, much like when the people waited for Zacharias, the priest, at the hour of prayer (Luke 1:5,8-10,21).
    2. Israel, when their eyes are opened,
      Rom 11:25-27; Zech 12:10; 13:1
  • ...without sin, unto salvation.
    • for church age believers - He will bring to completion
      that aspect of our salvation which is yet future. 1Cor 15:49-58; 1The 4:16-18; 1Joh 3:2
    • for Israel - That future day, when their Messiah returns
      to establish His Kingdom of everlasting righteousness, will be possible only because He came once, in the historic past, to put away sin by His blood. At His first coming, He was "cut off, but not for Himself" because He bore the sins of His people. Dan 9:24-26a; Isa 53:1-10
         At His second coming, having previously dealt with sin, He will restore (to His repentant and believing people) all that they had lost as a consequence of sin. Psa 69:4; Acts 3:18-21
  • In contrast, around the time of His appearing for His own...
    He will also be made manifest to the unsaved (Rev 1:7),
    who do not expect His return (1The 5:2,3),
    to judge and destroy the wicked upon the earth (2The 1:7-10)
 
"The All Sufficient Sacrifice of Christ" - Heb 10:1-18
10:1 For the law having a shadow of good things to come,
[and] not the very image of the things, {cp. Heb 8:5; 9:11}
can never with those sacrifices which they offered year by year continually
make the comers thereunto perfect.
the law... can never... make... perfect...-
Those who come to the law discover themselves to be condemned sinners.
-- They are in need of sacrifice to deal with their condition. Rom 3:19,20
But the OT sacrifices could not do what was needed, though they were offered...
-- year by year (ie., at the Day of Atonement), and
-- continually {in unceasing continuance, ie., as the daily sacrifices}.
the law... a shadow... not the very image {ie., not the likeness itself} -
"You can't live in the shadow of a house. You need a house." [JVMcGee]
"The OT is a 'picture book' in which God is simply trying to show His little children their need and His provision, their sin and His Savior." [JVMcGee]
10:2 For then would they not have ceased to be offered?
because that the worshippers once purged should have had no more conscience of sins.
conscience {GK=suneidesis, lit., "with-knowing"} ie., a sense of guilt before God [WEVine]
The law and its sacrifices could not purge away sin.
It could remove neither sin nor guilt from the heart and mind.
10:3 But in those [sacrifices there is] a remembrance again [made] of sins every year.
The law and its sacrifices continually reminded men of their sinful condition.
The law identified the problem, but could only anticipate the remedy.
David's prayer of confession could not be fully answered in his lifetime. Psa 51:1-10
Illustration [from HAIronside]:
The law remembers sin as a financial promissory note acknowledges debt, but cannot equip the debtor to remove his indebtedness. Year by year, in the OT sacrifices the people declared, 'We are guilty. The wages of sin is death. But we cannot pay.' There was no remedy, until the 'co-signer' appeared to satisfy the debt with His own blood.
10:4 For [it is] not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins.
10:5 Wherefore when he cometh into the world, he saith,
...when he cometh into the world... (cp. Heb 9:25-28)
He {Christ} saith...-
   Verses 5-7 quote from Psa 40:6-8, with some variations (compare below).
(The NT text follows the LXX translation.)
[For a study of all of Psalm 40, see the Book Notes on the Psalms of Messiah.]

NT reading (Heb 10)
 |
OT reading (Psalm 40)
Sacrifice and offering thou wouldest not, | Sacrifice and offering thou didst not desire,
but a body hast thou prepared me: | mine ears hast thou opened:
10:6 In burnt offerings and [sacrifices] | burnt offering and sin offering
for sin thou hast had no pleasure. | hast thou not required.
10:7 Then said I, Lo, I come | Then said I, Lo, I come:
(in the volume of the book it is written of me) | in the volume of the book it is written of me,
to do thy will, O God. | I delight to do thy will, O my God.
  | Yea, thy law is within my heart.
 
Now the writer of Hebrews will make two points from Psalm 40:
10:8 Above when he said,
Sacrifice and offering and burnt offerings and [offering] for sin thou wouldest not,
neither hadst pleasure [therein]; which are offered by the law;
10:9 Then said he, Lo, I come to do thy will, O God.
He taketh away the first,
that he may establish the second.
1. Christ, by His one sacrifice, put away {annulled} sin. Heb 9:24,25
   Thus, rendering further sacrifices obsolete. (cp. v.5,6)
In accord with God's will, Christ took away the OT sacrificial system (v.8-9b).
Sacrifice was not required or requested by God. It did not bring Him pleasure.
Sacrifice became necessary as a temporary cover for sin.
The Lord desired to see holy hearts which would obey Him. 1Sam 15:22; Isa 1:10-15; Hos 6:6
2. Christ, by means of His obedience,
   establishes, within us, His delight in the Father's will (v.8-9c).
  • Christ was obedient to God. This is the meaning of:
    1. "...mine ears hast thou opened" (Psa 40:6) -
      He was attentive to hear and to delight in doing God's will.
      cp. Ex 21:5,6; Isa 50:4-6; Joh 4:34; 5:30
    2. "...a body hast thou prepared me" (v.5) -
      This textual variation (as rendered by the Greek LXX) amplifies the sense of the original Hebrew text (in 'a.' above). So perfect was Christ's obedience that His whole body could be viewed as an ear: totally open to God's Word, totally given to God's will.
         The body, prepared for Him, facilitated His ultimate obedience...
  • Christ "became obedient unto death" (Php 2:6-8).
    Through His total obedience to His Father's will, we are brought into His likeness, as sons joyfully surrendered to the Father's will. cp. Rom 8:3-4,14-18
10:10 By the which will we are sanctified {ie., made holy}
through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once [for all].
His "once for all" sacrifice, in accordance with the Father's will,
is the only basis by which we may be purified and set apart unto God (Joh 17:19; 1Cor 1:30).
10:11 And every priest standeth daily ministering
and offering oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins:
10:12 But this man {ie., Christ},
after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever,
sat down on the right hand of God;
Christ's one sacrifice is enough.
  • The OT priest "stands daily ministering."- Their work was never done.
    There was no place for the priest to rest.
    There was no chair included in the furniture of the tabernacle.
  • Christ "sat down" - His sacrificial work is finished. Joh 19:30
  • Christ sat down "at the right hand of God" -
    His one sacrifice is accepted and sufficient. Heb 1:3; Psa 110:1
10:13 From henceforth expecting till his enemies be made his footstool.
from henceforth - ie., from the point of His sitting down.
Christ awaits the consummation of His Kingdom.
We, who belong to Him, also wait (Heb 9:28).
10:14 For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified.
By one offering...
  • He...- (It is totally His doing. cp. Titus 3:5-7)
  • has perfected {GK=teleioo, completed}...- (cp. v.1; Heb 7:11,19,25)
  • for ever {ie., in perpetuity}...
  • them that are sanctified (v.10).
10:15 [Whereof] the Holy Ghost also is a witness to us: {as the Author of Scripture, 2Pet 1:21}
for after that he had said before,
The Holy Spirit confirms the two points from Psalm 40 (see notes at v.8-14, above) in another passage, which was considered previously (in Jer 31:31-34 as quoted in Heb 8:7-12).
These two points are reviewed (in reverse order), in the next two verses, which are excerpts of Jer 31:33,34.
10:16 This [is] the covenant that I will make with them after those days, saith the Lord,
I will put my laws into their hearts, and in their minds will I write them; {Jer 31:33}
The New Covenant (in Christ's blood)...
2. establishes God's will in the hearts of His people,
through regeneration and sanctification as God's sons (v.9,10; Heb 2:10-12; Rom 8:14-16,29),
thereby, displacing the old system of legal constraints.
(cp. "He took away the first to establish the second." (v.9; Heb 8:7-13)
10:17 And their sins and iniquities will I remember no more. {Jer 31:34}
The New Covenant (in Christ's blood)...
1. dismisses the guilt of His people (Rom 8:33,34),
thereby, doing away with the need for sacrifice:
10:18 Now where remission {GK=aphesis, removal} of these [is,
there is] no more offering for sin.
When sin and guilt are removed from the heart of a man,
he has no further need for sacrifice.
Corollary:
Apart from Christ's sacrifice there is no remission of sin,
for there is no other effective offering for sin (cp. v.26-29).

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